ExoticSilicon.com - Crystal installs OpenBSD on the Pinephone

“Putting a BSD system in your pocket”

Building the installation media and installing

WARNING

The information presented on these pages is NOT intended to be followed as a guide to installing OpenBSD on your own Pinephone device, and must not be used for this purpose.

Unlike most SBCs, the Pinephone contains a rechargeable battery intended to power the device. Correct configuration of the charging circuits, including various safety features such as thermal protection will not be enabled by the current OpenBSD kernel as of the time of writing.

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Serial console access

Connecting to the serial console on the Pinephone is quite straightforward.

Flipping dip-switch 6 to the down position repurposes the headphone socket as a 3.3V TTL serial port, albeit with no hardware handshaking. Soldering a standard 3.5 mm stereo jack plug, (TRS connector), to a USB serial adaptor was all that was needed to interface to the port from my workstation.

DIPSWITCH 6 SET TO ENABLE THE SERIAL CONSOLE

For reference, the tip of the plug is RXD, the ring is TXD, and the sleeve is ground. We'll be using a line speed of 115200 bps, with a fairly standard 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no partity, (8N1).

Overview of the installation procedure

To install OpenBSD on the internal eMMC of the Pinephone, I first flashed a modified miniroot image containing the installer, base packages, source code, and bootloader code to it. I then booted the Pinephone from the newly written image, and overwrote part of the installation media with the actual installation.

Originally, I had hoped to use the USB dock that was supplied with this Pinephone handset to obtain a working ethernet port. As well as using it for ssh access to the installed system, I could have also used it to connect to a local server during the installation to fetch the base packages. However when I tried this, the USB connectivity between the handset and the dock didn't seem to be working at all. This wasn't just an issue with the ramdisk installation kernel, either, as the USB dock still wasn't recognised once the system was fully installed.

For installation on most arm-based boards, the only modification necessary to the miniroot image is to add the appropriate boot code. This is a quick and easy process described in the INSTALL.arm64 file that is part of the OpenBSD distribution. However in this case, due to lack of specific support for the Pinephone hardware, we need to go through some additional steps.

First, we need to compile U-boot from source. This is necessary because the binary package available for OpenBSD 7.0 does not include the boot code for the Pinephone. We first modify /usr/ports/sysutils/u-boot/Makefile and add ‘pinephone’ to the list of aarch64 targets. Since we are modifying the makefile, we should bump the REVISION to 1 as well. Next, we modify /usr/ports/sysutils/u-boot/pkg/PFRAG.aarch64 and add seven lines indicating the files to be installed, namely those that will end up in /usr/local/share/u-boot/pinephone/.

With those changes made to the makefile and plist, we can invoke dpb to compile U-boot, and sysutils/dtb as well:

Building the packages from source

# dpb sysutils/u-boot,aarch64 sysutils/dtb

45 minutes or so later, we can install the compiled packages:

Installing the compiled packages

# pkg_add u-boot-aarch64

# pkg_add dtb

Now we can start modifying our miniroot image. The original miniroot image is 43 Mb, and usually this can be simply be written to the beginning of a much larger device without bothering to resize it in any way. However, we want to write an additional partition to the end of the Pinephone's internal eMMC, so we'll first re-size the image file to match the total size of the eMMC, which on this particular Pinephone handset is 61071360 sectors, or 29820 Mb.

Resizing the image file can be done with a trivially short C program to invoke the truncate system call:

C program to resize the miniroot image

#include <unistd.h>

int main()

{

truncate ("custom.img", (long long) 61071360*512);

return (0);

}

Note that this will create a sparse file, so we don't actually need 29 Gb of free space on the partition that holds custom.img.

With the above code saved as resize.c, we'll compile it, copy and resize the miniroot image, mount the new image file as a vnode virtual disk, and modify it as described in INSTALL.arm64 using our freshly compiled boot code:

Start preparing the miniroot image

# cc -o resize resize.c

# cp miniroot70.img custom.img

# ./resize

# vnconfig vnd0 custom.img

# mount /dev/vnd0i /mnt

# mkdir /mnt/allwinner

# cp /usr/local/share/dtb/arm64/allwinner/sun50i-a64-pinephone-1.2.dtb /mnt/allwinner/

# umount /mnt

# dd if=/usr/local/share/u-boot/pinephone/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/vnd0c bs=1024 seek=8

The next step is to add a partition containing the packages for the base system, which we'll need for the installation, and the source code, which will be useful once the system is up and running.

Since our installation media will be loaded from the internal eMMC, and we intend to install the system to the same device, we'll be overwriting the existing OpenBSD partition and disklabel. This means that we can't just add a regular OpenBSD disklabel partition within the OpenBSD fdisk partition that is already contained within the image. Instead, we create an additional non-OpenBSD fdisk partition and format it as FFS2. During the installation, this will automatically be added to the new disklabel as partition 'j', in much the same was as the EFI system partition is added as partition 'i'. Since it lies outside the area of the OpenBSD fdisk partition, we can create the regular disklabel partitions however we please during the installation without affecting it.

Invoking fdisk to look at the image file, we can see the two original MBR partitions as well as the new 29 Gb geometry:

Checking the new geometry of the miniroot image

Disk: vnd0 geometry: 610713/1/100 [61071360 Sectors]

Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*0: 0C 327 0 69 - 491 0 52 [ 32768: 16384 ] Win95 FAT32L

1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused

2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused

3: A6 491 0 53 - 880 0 64 [ 49152: 38912 ] OpenBSD

We can now use the interactive mode of fdisk to add another partition of type E5:

Adding a partition of type E5

Disk: vnd0 geometry: 610713/1/100 [61071360 Sectors]

Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*0: 0C 327 0 69 - 491 0 52 [ 32768: 16384 ] Win95 FAT32L

1: E5 590000 0 1 - 610713 0 60 [ 59000000: 2071360 ] <Unknown ID>

2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused

3: A6 491 0 53 - 880 0 64 [ 49152: 38912 ] OpenBSD

Then add a matching partition entry to the disklabel, having first changed the bounds of the OpenBSD area:

Updating the disklabel

# disklabel -E vnd0

Label editor (enter '?' for help at any prompt)

vnd0> b

Starting sector: [49152]

Size ('*' for entire disk): [38912] *

vnd0*> a j

offset: [88064] 59000000

size: [2071360]

FS type: [4.2BSD]

vnd0*> w

vnd0> p

OpenBSD area: 49152-61071360; size: 61022208; free: 58911936

# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]

a: 38912 49152 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1216

c: 61071360 0 unused

i: 16384 32768 MSDOS

j: 2071360 59000000 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1

vnd0> q

No label changes.

Now we can format the new partition and copy the required files to it:

Format the partition and copy the required files

# newfs vnd0j

# mount /dev/vnd0j /mnt

# mkdir /mnt/src/

# cp 7.0/arm64/* /mnt

# cp 7.0/src.tar.gz /mnt/src/

# cp 7.0/sys.tar.gz /mnt/src/

# cp 7.0/ports.tar.gz /mnt/src/

# cp 7.0/xenocara.tar.gz /mnt/src/

# umount /mnt

Then unconfigure the vnode device:

Un-configure the vnode device we just created

# vnconfig -u vnd0

Our image is now ready to be flashed to the Pinephone eMMC.

Although we could just flash the whole image to the handset, we would be re-writing the entire eMMC, mostly with 0x00 bytes. We can avoid this, speed up the process, and reduce wear on the eMMC by flashing just the sectors that we know contain useful data.

Assuming that the Pinephone's eMMC is sd9, we might use something like:

Write the image file to the eMMC

# dd if=custom.img of=/dev/rsd9c bs=1m count=43

# dd if=custom.img of=/dev/rsd9c bs=1m skip=28808 seek=28808

Invoking the terminal emulator

OpenBSD includes the ‘cu’ terminal emulator in the base installation, so assuming that the serial adaptor is cuaU0, we can run ‘cu’ on the host workstation with:

Invoke the terminal emulator

# cu -l cuaU0 -s 115200

Booting the installer

With our customised miniroot image written to the eMMC, we just need to switch the Pinephone on to start loading the OpenBSD installer.

First, we see output from U-boot:

Console output from U-boot

U-Boot SPL 2021.07 (Dec 25 2021 - 18:03:51 -0300)

DRAM: 3072 MiB

Trying to boot from MMC2

NOTICE: BL31: v2.5(debug):2.5

NOTICE: BL31: Built : 16:12:26, Dec 25 2021

NOTICE: BL31: Detected Allwinner A64/H64/R18 SoC (1689)

NOTICE: BL31: Found U-Boot DTB at 0x408ddc0, model: Pine64 PinePhone (1.2)

INFO: ARM GICv2 driver initialized

INFO: Configuring SPC Controller

INFO: PMIC: Probing AXP803 on RSB

INFO: PMIC: dcdc1 voltage: 3.300V

INFO: PMIC: dcdc5 voltage: 1.200V

INFO: PMIC: dcdc6 voltage: 1.100V

INFO: PMIC: dldo1 voltage: 3.300V

INFO: PMIC: dldo2 voltage: 1.800V

INFO: PMIC: dldo3 voltage: 2.800V

INFO: PMIC: dldo4 voltage: 1.800V

INFO: PMIC: fldo1 voltage: 1.200V

INFO: PMIC: Enabling DC SW

INFO: BL31: Platform setup done

INFO: BL31: Initializing runtime services

INFO: BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 843419 was applied

INFO: BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 855873 was applied

INFO: BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 1530924 was applied

INFO: PSCI: Suspend is unavailable

INFO: BL31: Preparing for EL3 exit to normal world

INFO: Entry point address = 0x4a000000

INFO: SPSR = 0x3c9

U-Boot 2021.07 (Dec 25 2021 - 18:03:51 -0300) Allwinner Technology

CPU: Allwinner A64 (SUN50I)

Model: Pine64 PinePhone (1.2)

DRAM: 3 GiB

MMC: mmc@1c0f000: 0, mmc@1c10000: 2, mmc@1c11000: 1

Loading Environment from FAT... Unable to read "uboot.env" from mmc1:1... In: serial

Out: serial

Err: serial

Net: No ethernet found.

starting USB...

No working controllers found

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 2 1 0

switch to partitions #0, OK

mmc1(part 0) is current device

Scanning mmc 1:1...

31164 bytes read in 14 ms (2.1 MiB/s)

␛7␛[r␛[999;999H␛[6n␛8MMC: no card present

Scanning disk mmc@1c0f000.blk...

Disk mmc@1c0f000.blk not ready

Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110

Scanning disk mmc@1c10000.blk...

Disk mmc@1c10000.blk not ready

Scanning disk mmc@1c11000.blk...

** Unrecognized filesystem type **

Found 4 disks

No EFI system partition

BootOrder not defined

EFI boot manager: Cannot load any image

Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootaa64.efi

170694 bytes read in 34 ms (4.8 MiB/s)

Booting /efi\boot\bootaa64.efi

Next, we see output from the OpenBSD bootloader, followed by the ramdisk kernel:

Console output from the OpenBSD bootloader and ramdisk kernel

disks: sd0*

>> OpenBSD/arm64 BOOTAA64 1.6

|/-\|/boot>

#-\|cannot open sd0a:/etc/random.seed: No such file or directory

booting sd0a:/bsd: /-\|/2574016-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|+696612/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\+13009456|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-+631664\ [216000|/-\|/-\|/-\|/+109+596472-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/-\|/+233168-\|/-\|/-\|/-\]=0x1401e58

type 0x2 pa 0x40000000 va 0x40000000 pages 0x4000 attr 0x8

type 0x7 pa 0x44000000 va 0x44000000 pages 0x3ef5 attr 0x8

type 0x9 pa 0x47ef5000 va 0x47ef5000 pages 0x16 attr 0x8

type 0x7 pa 0x47f0b000 va 0x47f0b000 pages 0xb0eec attr 0x8

type 0x2 pa 0xf8df7000 va 0xf8df7000 pages 0x100 attr 0x8

type 0x1 pa 0xf8ef7000 va 0xf8ef7000 pages 0x2a attr 0x8

type 0x0 pa 0xf8f21000 va 0xf8f21000 pages 0x7 attr 0x8

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f28000 va 0xf8f28000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x6 pa 0xf8f29000 va 0xa3863000 pages 0x4 attr 0x8000000000000008

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f2d000 va 0xf8f2d000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x6 pa 0xf8f2e000 va 0xa3868000 pages 0x4 attr 0x8000000000000008

type 0x0 pa 0xf8f32000 va 0xf8f32000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f33000 va 0xf8f33000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x0 pa 0xf8f34000 va 0xf8f34000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f35000 va 0xf8f35000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x0 pa 0xf8f36000 va 0xf8f36000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f37000 va 0xf8f37000 pages 0x2 attr 0x8

type 0x0 pa 0xf8f39000 va 0xf8f39000 pages 0x1 attr 0x8

type 0x4 pa 0xf8f3a000 va 0xf8f3a000 pages 0x2 attr 0x8

type 0x2 pa 0xf8f3c000 va 0xf8f3c000 pages 0x5024 attr 0x8

type 0x5 pa 0xfdf60000 va 0xa889a000 pages 0x10 attr 0x8000000000000008

type 0x2 pa 0xfdf70000 va 0xfdf70000 pages 0x2090 attr 0x8

OpenBSD 7.0 (RAMDISK) #1250: Thu Sep 30 17:13:12 MDT 2021

deraadt@arm64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/arm64/compile/RAMDISK

real mem = 3101560832 (2957MB)

avail mem = 2969333760 (2831MB)

random: boothowto does not indicate good seed

mainbus0 at root: Pine64 PinePhone (1.2)

psci0 at mainbus0: PSCI 1.1, SMCCC 1.2

cpu0 at mainbus0 mpidr 0: ARM Cortex-A53 r0p4

cpu0: 32KB 64b/line 2-way L1 VIPT I-cache, 32KB 64b/line 4-way L1 D-cache

cpu0: 512KB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache

cpu0: CRC32,SHA2,SHA1,AES+PMULL,ASID16

efi0 at mainbus0: UEFI 2.8

efi0: Das U-Boot rev 0x20210700

"display-engine" at mainbus0 not configured

"osc24M_clk" at mainbus0 not configured

"osc32k_clk" at mainbus0 not configured

"pmu" at mainbus0 not configured

"sound" at mainbus0 not configured

agtimer0 at mainbus0: 24000 kHz

simplebus0 at mainbus0: "soc"

sxisyscon0 at simplebus0

sxisid0 at simplebus0

sxiccmu0 at simplebus0

sxipio0 at simplebus0: 103 pins

ampintc0 at simplebus0 nirq 224, ncpu 4: "interrupt-controller"

sxirtc0 at simplebus0

sxiccmu1 at simplebus0

sxipio1 at simplebus0: 13 pins

sxirsb0 at simplebus0

"x-powers,axp803" at sxirsb0 addr 0x3a3 not configured

"bus" at simplebus0 not configured

"dma-controller" at simplebus0 not configured

"lcd-controller" at simplebus0 not configured

"video-codec" at simplebus0 not configured

sximmc0 at simplebus0

sdmmc0 at sximmc0: 4-bit, sd high-speed, mmc high-speed, dma

sximmc1 at simplebus0

sdmmc1 at sximmc1: 4-bit, sd high-speed, mmc high-speed, dma

sximmc2 at simplebus0

sdmmc2 at sximmc2: 8-bit, sd high-speed, mmc high-speed, dma

"crypto" at simplebus0 not configured

"mailbox" at simplebus0 not configured

"usb" at simplebus0 not configured

"phy" at simplebus0 not configured

ehci0 at simplebus0

usb0 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0

uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "Generic EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 1

ohci0 at simplebus0: version 1.0

ehci1 at simplebus0

usb1 at ehci1: USB revision 2.0

uhub1 at usb1 configuration 1 interface 0 "Generic EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 1

ohci1 at simplebus0: version 1.0

"lradc" at simplebus0 not configured

"dai" at simplebus0 not configured

"codec" at simplebus0 not configured

"thermal-sensor" at simplebus0 not configured

com0 at simplebus0: ns16550, no working fifo

com0: console

com1 at simplebus0: ns16550, no working fifo

com2 at simplebus0: ns16550, no working fifo

sxitwi0 at simplebus0

iic0 at sxitwi0

"goodix,gt917s" at iic0 addr 0x5d not configured

sxitwi1 at simplebus0

iic1 at sxitwi1

"st,lis3mdl-magn" at iic1 addr 0x1e not configured

"sensortek,stk3311" at iic1 addr 0x48 not configured

"invensense,mpu6050" at iic1 addr 0x68 not configured

sxitwi2 at simplebus0

iic2 at sxitwi2

"gpu" at simplebus0 not configured

"dram-controller" at simplebus0 not configured

"dsi" at simplebus0 not configured

"d-phy" at simplebus0 not configured

"deinterlace" at simplebus0 not configured

"hdmi-phy" at simplebus0 not configured

"interrupt-controller" at simplebus0 not configured

"codec-analog" at simplebus0 not configured

"pwm" at simplebus0 not configured

sxidog0 at simplebus0

gpio0 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio1 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio2 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio3 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio4 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio5 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio6 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio7 at sxipio0: 32 pins

gpio8 at sxipio1: 32 pins

usb2 at ohci0: USB revision 1.0

uhub2 at usb2 configuration 1 interface 0 "Generic OHCI root hub" rev 1.00/1.00 addr 1

usb3 at ohci1: USB revision 1.0

uhub3 at usb3 configuration 1 interface 0 "Generic OHCI root hub" rev 1.00/1.00 addr 1

"opp_table0" at mainbus0 not configured

"backlight" at mainbus0 not configured

"leds" at mainbus0 not configured

"ps-regulator" at mainbus0 not configured

"vbat-wifi" at mainbus0 not configured

"led-controller" at mainbus0 not configured

"audio-amplifier" at mainbus0 not configured

"vibrator" at mainbus0 not configured

"wifi-pwrseq" at mainbus0 not configured

scsibus0 at sdmmc2: 2 targets, initiator 0

sd0 at scsibus0 targ 1 lun 0: <Sandisk, DA4032, 0000> removable

sd0: 29820MB, 512 bytes/sector, 61071360 sectors

manufacturer 0x024c, product 0xb703 at sdmmc1 function 1 not configured

softraid0 at root

scsibus1 at softraid0: 256 targets

root on rd0a swap on rd0b dump on rd0b

WARNING: bad clock chip time

WARNING: CHECK AND RESET THE DATE!

cpu0: regulator not implemented

erase ^?, werase ^W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T

Welcome to the OpenBSD/arm64 7.0 installation program.

(I)nstall, (U)pgrade, (A)utoinstall or (S)hell? i

At any prompt except password prompts you can escape to a shell by

typing '!'. Default answers are shown in []'s and are selected by

pressing RETURN. You can exit this program at any time by pressing

Control-C, but this can leave your system in an inconsistent state.

Interactive installation

The first part of the installation is basically the same as for any other system:

First part of the OpenBSD installation script

Terminal type? [vt220]

System hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo') phone

Available network interfaces are: vlan0.

Which network interface do you wish to configure? (or 'done') [vlan0] done

DNS domain name? (e.g. 'example.com') [my.domain] lan

DNS nameservers? (IP address list or 'none') [none]

Password for root account? (will not echo)

Password for root account? (again)

Start sshd(8) by default? [yes]

Setup a user? (enter a lower-case loginname, or 'no') [no]

Since no user was setup, root logins via sshd(8) might be useful.

WARNING: root is targeted by password guessing attacks, pubkeys are safer.

Allow root ssh login? (yes, no, prohibit-password) [no] yes

Now we reach the point where we are asked about partitioning the disks:

Disk partitioning in the installer

Available disks are: sd0.

Which disk is the root disk? ('?' for details) [sd0]

Disk: sd0 geometry: 3801/255/63 [61071360 Sectors]

Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*0: 0C 2 10 9 - 3 15 12 [ 32768: 16384 ] Win95 FAT32L

1: E5 3672 147 60 - 3801 131 42 [ 59000000: 2071360 ] <Unknown ID>

2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused

3: A6 3 15 13 - 5 122 53 [ 49152: 38912 ] OpenBSD

Use (W)hole disk or (E)dit the MBR? [whole] e

We choose to edit the MBR, and change the size of the OpenBSD MBR partition which we are about to overwrite anyway:

Resizing the OpenBSD MBR partition

You will now create one MBR partition to contain your OpenBSD data

and one MBR partition on which the OpenBSD boot program is located.

Neither partition will overlap any other partition.

The OpenBSD MBR partition will have an id of 'A6' and the boot MBR

partition will have an id of 'C' (msdos).

The boot partition will be at least 16MB and be the first 'MSDOS'

partition on the disk.

Disk: sd0 geometry: 3801/255/63 [61071360 Sectors]

Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*0: 0C 2 10 9 - 3 15 12 [ 32768: 16384 ] Win95 FAT32L

1: E5 3672 147 60 - 3801 131 42 [ 59000000: 2071360 ] <Unknown ID>

2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused

3: A6 3 15 13 - 5 122 53 [ 49152: 38912 ] OpenBSD

Enter 'help' for information

sd0: 1> e 3

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3: A6 3 15 13 - 5 122 53 [ 49152: 38912 ] OpenBSD

Partition id ('0' to disable) [01 - FF]: [E5] (? for help)

Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]

Partition offset [0 - 61071359]: [49152]

Partition size [1 - 61022208]: [38912] 58950848

sd0*: 1> p g

Disk: sd0 geometry: 3801/255/63 [61071360 Sectors]

Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending LBA Info:

#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*0: 0C 2 10 9 - 3 15 12 [ 32768: 0G] Win95 FAT32L

1: E5 3672 147 60 - 3801 131 42 [ 59000000: 1G] <Unknown ID>

2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0G] unused

3: A6 3 15 13 - 3672 147 59 [ 49152: 28G] OpenBSD

sd0*: 1> w

Writing MBR at offset 0.

sd0: 1> q

Note that we calculate the value of 58950848 for the size of the OpenBSD partition by subtracting the starting sector, 49152, from the first sector of our additional partition, 59000000.

Since this is only a test installation, we can just accept the default automatic layout.

Default disklabel partitioning scheme

The auto-allocated layout for sd0 is:

# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]

a: 1024.0M 49152 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /

b: 1880.3M 2146304 swap

c: 29820.0M 0 unused

d: 1560.2M 5997088 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /tmp

e: 2420.3M 9192352 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /var

f: 3300.2M 14149184 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /usr

g: 924.1M 20908096 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /usr/X11R6

h: 3724.4M 22800576 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /usr/local

i: 8.0M 32768 MSDOS

j: 1011.4M 59000000 unknown

k: 1660.0M 30428096 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /usr/src

l: 5840.1M 33827872 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /usr/obj

m: 6451.0M 45788384 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1 # /home

Use (A)uto layout, (E)dit auto layout, or create (C)ustom layout? [a]

The rest of the installation script progresses in much the same way as it would on a typical X86 machine.

Completing the installation

/dev/rsd0a: 1024.0MB in 2097152 sectors of 512 bytes

6 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0m: 6451.0MB in 13211616 sectors of 512 bytes

32 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0d: 1560.2MB in 3195264 sectors of 512 bytes

8 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0f: 3300.2MB in 6758912 sectors of 512 bytes

17 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0g: 924.1MB in 1892480 sectors of 512 bytes

5 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0h: 3724.4MB in 7627520 sectors of 512 bytes

19 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0l: 5840.1MB in 11960512 sectors of 512 bytes

29 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0k: 1660.0MB in 3399776 sectors of 512 bytes

9 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/rsd0e: 2420.3MB in 4956832 sectors of 512 bytes

12 cylinder groups of 202.50MB, 12960 blocks, 25920 inodes each

/dev/sd0a (9b39e808bdc4da01.a) on /mnt type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local)

/dev/sd0m (9b39e808bdc4da01.m) on /mnt/home type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid)

/dev/sd0d (9b39e808bdc4da01.d) on /mnt/tmp type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid)

/dev/sd0f (9b39e808bdc4da01.f) on /mnt/usr type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev)

/dev/sd0g (9b39e808bdc4da01.g) on /mnt/usr/X11R6 type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev)

/dev/sd0h (9b39e808bdc4da01.h) on /mnt/usr/local type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev)

/dev/sd0l (9b39e808bdc4da01.l) on /mnt/usr/obj type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid)

/dev/sd0k (9b39e808bdc4da01.k) on /mnt/usr/src type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid)

/dev/sd0e (9b39e808bdc4da01.e) on /mnt/var type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid)

Let's install the sets!

Location of sets? (disk http nfs or 'done') [http] disk

Is the disk partition already mounted? [yes] no

Available disks are: sd0.

Which disk contains the install media? (or 'done') [sd0] sd0

a: 2097152 49152 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt

d: 3195264 5997088 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/tmp

e: 4956832 9192352 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/var

f: 6758912 14149184 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/usr

g: 1892480 20908096 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/usr/X11R6

h: 7627520 22800576 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/usr/local

i: 16384 32768 MSDOS

j: 2071360 59000000 unknown

k: 3399776 30428096 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/usr/src

l: 11960512 33827872 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/usr/obj

m: 13211616 45788384 4.2BSD 2048 16384 12960 # /mnt/home

Available sd0 partitions are: a d e f g h i j k l m.

Which sd0 partition has the install sets? (or 'done') [a] j

Pathname to the sets? (or 'done') [7.0/arm64] /

Select sets by entering a set name, a file name pattern or 'all'. De-select

sets by prepending a '-', e.g.: '-game*'. Selected sets are labelled '[X]'.

[X] bsd [X] base70.tgz [X] game70.tgz [X] xfont70.tgz

[X] bsd.mp [X] comp70.tgz [X] xbase70.tgz [X] xserv70.tgz

[X] bsd.rd [X] man70.tgz [X] xshare70.tgz

Set name(s)? (or 'abort' or 'done') [done]

Verifying SHA256.sig 100% |**************************| 1544 00:00

Signature Verified

Verifying bsd 100% |**************************| 13720 KB 00:01

Verifying bsd.mp 100% |**************************| 13782 KB 00:01

Verifying bsd.rd 100% |**************************| 17118 KB 00:01

Verifying base70.tgz 100% |**************************| 227 MB 00:22

Verifying comp70.tgz 100% |**************************| 67418 KB 00:06

Verifying man70.tgz 100% |**************************| 7580 KB 00:00

Verifying game70.tgz 100% |**************************| 2677 KB 00:00

Verifying xbase70.tgz 100% |**************************| 49023 KB 00:04

Verifying xshare70.tgz 100% |**************************| 4495 KB 00:00

Verifying xfont70.tgz 100% |**************************| 22965 KB 00:02

Verifying xserv70.tgz 100% |**************************| 12354 KB 00:01

Installing bsd 100% |**************************| 13720 KB 00:01

Installing bsd.mp 100% |**************************| 13782 KB 00:01

Installing bsd.rd 100% |**************************| 17118 KB 00:01

Installing base70.tgz 100% |**************************| 227 MB 01:08

Extracting etc.tgz 100% |**************************| 246 KB 00:00

Installing comp70.tgz 100% |**************************| 67418 KB 00:33

Installing man70.tgz 100% |**************************| 7580 KB 00:08

Installing game70.tgz 100% |**************************| 2677 KB 00:00

Installing xbase70.tgz 100% |**************************| 49023 KB 00:30

Extracting xetc.tgz 100% |**************************| 7080 00:00

Installing xshare70.tgz 100% |**************************| 4495 KB 00:04

Installing xfont70.tgz 100% |**************************| 22965 KB 00:05

Installing xserv70.tgz 100% |**************************| 12354 KB 00:05

Location of sets? (disk http nfs or 'done') [done] done

What timezone are you in? ('?' for list) [Canada/Mountain] Factory

Saving configuration files... done.

Making all device nodes... done.

Multiprocessor machine; using bsd.mp instead of bsd.

Relinking to create unique kernel... done.

CONGRATULATIONS! Your OpenBSD install has been successfully completed!

When you login to your new system the first time, please read your mail

using the 'mail' command.

Exit to (S)hell, (H)alt or (R)eboot? [reboot]

syncing disks... done

rebooting...

The initial kernel re-linking takes about 90 seconds, and then we are able to reboot into the newly installed system.